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1.What are ye principles that Asher believes in?
´đ£ºHe believes in the following principles;1)Comprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language.2)The teachingof speaking should be delayed until comprehension skills are established.3)Skills acquired through ;istening transfer to other skills.4)Teaching should emphasize meaning rather than form.5)Teaching should minimize learner stress.
2.What are Gattegno's learning hypotheses?
´đ£ºLearning is facilitated if the learner discovers or creates rather than remenbers and repeats what is to be learned.2)Learning is facilitated by accompanying physical objects.3)Learin is facilitated by problem-solving involving the material to be learned.
3.What is the noticeable difference of the Silent Way?
´đ£ºWhat makes this method different form the others is the manner in which classroom activities are organized,the indirect role the teacher is required to assume in directing and required to assume in directing and monitoring the learners' performance,the responsibility placed upone the learners to hypotheses about how the labguage works,and the materials used to elicit and practise language .It is considered suitable for more advaced classes as well as for students at the beginning stages.
4.What is the patternfollowed in China in method of learning and teaching English?
´đ£º1)Recitation:Ttudents recited the lesson taught the previous day.2)Questions,and answers:Teacher asked questions in Chinese students answered in English.3)Writing practice:students write from memory the lesson taught.4)Presentation:Teacher presented the now lesson;students listened and practised spoken English;5)Spelling practice:This began after half a year's learning when students were expected to have learned some vocabulary.Students practised translation sentences and teacher corrected them.
5.In 1982,what are the methodlogical principles,in the new textbook series English?
´đ£º1)A foreign language is a tool and weapon,which should be taught for use.2)In teaching,priority should be given to listening and speaking.3)Attention should be paid to the teaching of phonetics through all stages.4)SERIOUS TRAININGSHOULD BE GIVEN IN SPELLING.5)the languages should be taught through pattern drill.6)Grammar should be taught through drills and in ann inductive way.7)"Way-paving"and "accmnulation"should be practised.
6.What are the four points summarized by Tang Lixing on the methodological developmet before the 1980.in china?
´đ£º1)Giving priority to listening and speaking.2)Laying equal emphasis on all the five basic skills.3)Stressing reading skills.4)Involving a more active use of the students' mental power.
7.In China, a lot of methods for Chinese learns of English appeared.what are they?
´đ£ºAt a more thoretical level,there are the Three Dimensional Approach(3DA)situation, structure,Rule and Function Method(ASSRF),and the Dual Activity Method,At a more practical Method,the Leveled Method ,Zhang Sizhong Method and a number of other Methods.
8.What are the five principles which reflected Li Tingxiang's dialectal integrated view to words foreign language teaching?
´đ£º1)A foreign language should be taught,earned and used as communication.2)All the four skills should be looked after,but each stage of learning should have a focus.3)Sentence is the smallest unit of learning and teaching,4)Mother tongue in a forrign language classroom should be limited,but be used judiciously when it facilitaes learning.5)Students are the center of the classroom.
9. What ae the six duality proposed by Wnag Cairen?
´đ£ºIn terms od teaching aims,the first duality is to teach a language and to educate people,the second duality lies in  teaching center relationship.Both the teacher and the students are important patners in the teaching and learning process.They form the dual center of the classroom.The third duality is reflected in the communication between the teacher and the students.Their communication is not only in tellectual but an exchange of feelings,attitudes values,etc.Fourthly,English,as a tool for communication,has also its duality:Language has its form and content.And the process of acquiring information input is through  external stimuli and internal cognitice activity,which forms the fifth duality;dual channels of acquiring infformation.The last one is about language output ,when students use the language they have learned,their production should be noty only correct but also fluent and approppriate.
10.To date,what do you think are the important valuable in which individual learners maydiffer?
´đ£ºTo date,more researchers would agree that the following are important variables in which indvidual learners may differ:interlligence,language attitude,cognitive style(dield dependence and dield independence)personality traits(such as introversion and extroversion perseverance,anxiety) learing strategies(such as cognitive,meta cognitice,formal and functional)notivation(such as integrative and instrument)and attiitudes towards the target language and its native speakers.
11.What are the implication for teacher education and teacher development?
´đ£º1£©Teacher preparation programmes must move beyond a"training"perspective to and "education"perspective-one which recognizes higher-level cognitive processes that can not be taught directly.2)Teachers and student teachers need to adopt a research orientation to their own classrooms and their own teaching.3)Language programmes should reflect an emphasis on inquiry based and discovery-oriented approaches to learning and teaching.4)Teacher preparation programmes should include experiences should include experiences that require student teachers to generate theories and hypotheses,and to reflect critically on teaching through gathering date about teachering and learning.