1.Why does the Natural Approach emphasizes the central role of comprehension?
´ð£º1)Comprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language.2)The teaching of speaking should be delay until comprehension skills are established.3)Skills acquired through listening transfer to to other skills.4)Teaching should emphasize meaning rather than form.5)Teaching should minimize learner's stress.
2.What are the five basic hypotheses of Krashen's theory?
´ð£ºKrashen's theory consists of a set five basic hypotheses:1)The acquisition-learning hypothsis 2)The monitor hypothesis 3)The natural order hypothesis 4)The input hypothesis 5)The affective filter hypothesis.
3.What are the guidelines for classroom practice in Natural Approach?
´ð£º1)The goal of the Natural Appraoch is communication skills.2)Comprehension precedes production.3)production emerges 4) Acquisition acticities are essential.5)lower the affective filter
4.What are the characterstics of the Natural Approch?
´ð£º1)Class time is devoted primarily to providing input for acquisition.2)The teacher speakers only the target language in the classroom.Students may use either the first or second language.if the language,their errors are not corrected unless meaning is affected.3)Homework may include formal grammar work.Errors are corrected.4)Activies may involve the use of a certain structure,but the goals are to enable students to takl about ideas,perform tasks,and solve problem.
5.What are the three central roles of the Natural Appraoch teacher?
´ð£ºThe Natural Approach teacher has  three central roles.She is first primary source of comprehensible input in the target language and the priamary generator of that input.Her second role is to creater a classroom atmosphere that is interesting,friendly,and in which there is a low affectivities,involving a variety of group size,content,and contexts,she is responsible for collecting materials and designing their use.
6.What is the monitor hypothesis?
´ð£ºAccording to Kashen,learning and acquisition are used in very specific ways in second language performance.Ther monitor hypotheiss states that learning has only one function,and that is a monotor.It uses conscious grammatical knowledge to determine the form of produced utterances.The monitor is thought to play a minor role in the second language learning proess.Acquisition enables the speakers to produce utterances and is responsible for fluency.Thus the monitor is thought to alter the output of the acquired system before or after the utterance is actually written or spoken,but the utterance is initiated entirely by the acquired system.Krashen's position is that conscious knowledge of rules does not enables the learner to"polish up"what has been acquired through communication.the focus of language teaching,learning but communication.
7.Why did Krashen regard input hypothesis as the most important con-cept in second language acquisition today?
´ð£ºKrashen regarded this hypothesis as the most important conception second language acqusition today,because it attempts to answer the critical question of how people acquire language.this hypothesis assumes that humans acquire language in only one why-by understanding messages,or by receiving"comprehensible input",which refers to utterances that the context in which they are used as well as the language in which they are used as well as the language in which they are phrased.In language acquisition,we more form i,our current level,to i+1,the next level along the natural order,by understanding input containing it.
8.How many main issues involved in the input hypothesis?What are they?
´ð£ºThe hypothesis involves four main issues:First,the hypothsis relarning.Second,people acquire language best by understanding input that is slightly beyond their current level of competence.Comprehension is helped by the situation and the context,extra-lingustic information and knowledge of the world,Third,the ability to speak fluently cannot taught directly,rather,it"emerges"independently in time,after the acquirer has build up,linguistic competence by understanding input.Fourth,if there is sufficient quanity of comprehensible input,if it will usually be providede automatically.
9.What are the three kinds of affective variables related to second language acquition?
´ð£ºKrashen identifies three kinds of affective variables related to second language acquisition:1)Motivation learns with high motivation generally do better.2)Self-confidence.Learners with self confidence and a good self image tend to be more successful.3)Anxiety:Low personal anxiety and classroom anxiety are more conductive to second language acquisition
10.The Natural Approach has several implications for classroom practice.What are they?
´ð£ºThe Natural Approach has several implications for classroom practice.What are they?
´ð£ºFirst,if implies that whatever helps comprehension is is important.Second,it implies that vocabulary is important with more vocabulary there will be more comprehension and with more comprehension,there will be more acquisition.A third implication is the needs to be concerned primarily with whether the students understand the message.The fourth implication is that ther classroom may be a very ggod place for second language acquisition.The last one is that effective classroom imput must be interesting.Topics of universal appeal will be valuablem,especially those of personal interest the students.
11.What are the acquisition activities?
1)Affective humanistic activities attempt to involve students' feelings,opinions,desires,reations,ideas,and experiences.Open dialogues,interviews,reference ranking,personal charts and tables,supplying personal information,imagination,description,etc.are often used to involve students in communicating information about themselves.2)Problem-solveing activities are those in which the students'attention is focused on finding a correct answer to question,a problem or a situation.In many cases.the students work on a problem in small groups using the target language to discuss and solve the problem or finding the desired information.In other cases,the class and teacher discuss the problem together and solve it together.3)Games are the third group of activities.Doing games is an important experience in the acquisition process.Games are taken many forms and there are mant different sorts of elements which make up a game activity.in a Natural Approach classroom,the primary focus of ant particular game is on word,discussion,action,contest,problem-solving,and guess.And most games exhibit a combination of these elements.4)Content activities are the ones whose purpose is for the students to learn somethings new other than language.Examples of content acticities include slide shows,panel,individual reports and presentation."show and tell" activities,music,films,film scripts,TV reports,news broadcast,guest lectures,native speaker visitors,reading and discussions about any sort of the target language and culture.Content activities provide compre hensible input in a situation in which the message and not on form.Many of these activities are done in groups to ensure that more students have the opportunity to produce a sizeable amount of the target language.
12.What principles does Terrell stress on which language learning should be based?
1)The classroom should be devoted primarily to sctivities which foster acquisition.2)The teacher should not correct students's speech errors directly.3)The students should be allowed to respond in either the target lan guage,their native language,or mixture of the two.