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1.What is LAD stand for and its function?
´ð£ºChomsky and others claimed that every normal human being was born with a LAD(language acquisition device). the LAD included basic knowledge about the nature and structure of human language.the LAD was offered as an explanation of why children develop competence in the first language in a relatively short time,merely by being exposed to it.Chomsky believes that:Children are born with special language learning abilities;they do not have to be taught language or corrected for their mistakes,but learn language by being exposed to it and linguistic rules devlop unconsciously.this process of acquiring the rules of one's mother tongue by being exposed to examples of the language,and by using the language for communication is called language acquisition.
2.What is language in Chomsky's opinion?
´ð£ºChomsky maintained that language is not a form of behaviour.Onthe contrary,it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system
3.Why understanding is the basement of learning in Cognitive Approach?
´ð£ºHuman type learning is different from animal type learning which is the result of stimmulus-response Language learning is a creative process.the students can only perform after they have understood the systemof the language.We cannot imitate without activating a Cognitive process.Therefore the teacher should always make sure that students understand what they are ding.In a cognitive Approach classroom,meaningful learning and meaningful process like second language learning,mindless repetition imitation and other rotely oriented practices have no place in the classroom.
4.What is the greatest contribution of the Cognitive Approach?
´ð£ºThe Cognitive Approach draws on the latest development of linguistics ans psychology and studies foreign language teaching from the point of View of educational psychology,linguistic psychology and foreign language learning theories,hence makes itself more scientific
5.What are the significant implications for language teachers in Piaget's cognitive theory of learning?
´ð£ºFirst,it is important to take account of the learner as an individual actively involved in constructing meaning.When learners learn a new languuage,they are actively involved in  making their own sense of the language input that surrounds them as well as the tasks presented to them.Thus it is important for teachers to help  and encourage learners in this process,rather than seeing them as passive receivers of the language.Second,it is essential to match the requirements of any task to the cognitive level of the learner.Language tasks set by teachers should be neither too abstract for those who are not yet conceptually capable of functioning at this level,not too simple in that the conceptual level is below the level of the learner's competence.with new topic at any atage,one should proceed from the concrete and practical to the more difficult and abstract.with yonger children there may be little success in going beyond the concrete aspects of a topic,where concrete are cumulative,the order of presentation must be worked out carefully ao as to build up schemata in a logical and orderly sequence.Third, we can see the application of Piaget's notions of assimikation and accomdodation to learning a new language.When we receive new input of the language,for example,by listening to a coinversation,we need to modify what we already know about the language so as to fit the new information into our existing knowldge of how the system of the new language operates gradually develops.
6.What is the difference between the attitude of the Cognitive Approach and the Audioligual Method towards mistakes in the language learning process?
´ð£ºThe Cognitive Approach holds that mistakes are unavoidable in the creative use of language.Students' mistakes are a necessary and natural phenomenon,and a feature of the language as the progresses in the second language semi-grammatical sentences should be accepted as a normal state towards native like competence.students should be led to learn and use the language by making hypothesis,testing the hypothesis and then make corrections.What the teacher should do is to analyze the mistakes so that they chould find the cause and do some remedical word accordingly.
7.What is the basictenet of the Cognitive Approach which is different from that of the Audiolingual Method?
´ð£ºWhile in the Audiolingual Method,teachers were warned not to tell the learner about the language,taht is ,not to teach grammar,in the Cognitive Approach,teachers are required to tell the learner about the language,because knowledge of language rules facilitate learning.it is believed taht knowledge of language foundation.they must learn the rules of the language bdfore applying them.Competence comes before performance.the Cognitive Approach holds that grammar is important,but is nerver taught for its own sake.The kearning of grammar should be conducted in a functional way so that students may apply what they have learnt to actual communicative situation.
8.What is the disadvantages of Cognitive Approach?
´ð£ºThe Cognitive Approach has its own disadvantages.Aiming at meaningful learning,teachers fingd it difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations.And students who are slow to understand do not work successfully with the method because learning depends on a lot of analysis and understanding.Another weak point needs to be noted is there are not yet complete and systematic practical activities and procedures for classroom use. And the rationale behind the method is still at its developmental stage. The method as a system is still not very complete and needs further research and development.
9.Concerning all the four skills,what does Cognitive Approach think about?
´ð£ºDIfferernt from the Audiolingual Method,the Cognitive Approach gives equal importance to all the four skills.Any of them could get priority according to the goal of the course and the needs of the students .It is held that the receptive skills_listening and reading_should preced speaking and writing,because they are the means of developing and expanding competence,without which there will be no a foreign language learning situation,written materials can help learning.When a foreign language learner can resort all the possible target language resources learning will be more effective.
10.What are the four principles of cognitivisim formulated by Diller?
´ð£º1£©.A living language is charcterized by rule-governed creativity.This principle which is clearly based on two concepts derived from Chomsky-language is rule-governed and creative-implies the teaching of a language as a consciously learnt system.2)The rules of grammar are psychologically real.the rules of a new language ,like the rules of a game of chess,are best learnt in conjunction with demonstration and practice of the action.That is to say,the learning of a skill can deliberate,if becomes automatic thought use.3)Man is specially equipped to learned language,learning language is a human characteristic.It is not confined to childhood.the capacities of children have been overrated,language learning can occur at any time in life in a situation of meaningful use.4)Aliving language is a language in which in which we can think, language is bound up with meaning and thinking,learning a language involves learning to think in that language. Meaningful practice rather than drill is the only way this can come about.