詞匯學是我最不知道怎麼學的， 摸索了一個月， 也沒理出一個頭緒！

還是回歸到原點， 看書， 做課后習題

先來第二章：
廣東教材課后練習----轉載時請註明由芯芷整理
Chapter 2 Morphological structure of English words
1.Explain the following terms and provide examples:
Morpheme(語素，詞素): the morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.
one morpheme：nation
two morphemes: national
three: morphemes: nation +al +ize

allomorphemes:語素變體， 形位變體： Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position. Such alternative morphs are allomorphemes. E.g. the morpheme of plurality (-s) has a number if allomorphemes in different sound context, e.g. in cats/s/, in bags/z/, in matches/iz/.

Free morphemes(自由語素或形素): The morphemes have complete meaning and van be used as free grammatical units in sentences, e.g. cat, walk. They are identical with root words. morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.

Bound Morphemes(粘著語素)--- The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words, e.g. recollection (recollection) collect – free morpheme re-and –ion are bound morphemes. (include bound root and affix) Bound morphemes are found in derived words.

Hybrid ??

2.What are the difference between inflectional and derivational affixes?
Inflectional affixes(屈折詞綴) --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes. The number of inflectional affixes is small and stable.
a. There is the regular plural suffix( 復數)-s(-es) which is added to nouns such as machines, desks.
b. Simple present for the third person singular. –s(-es)
c. The possessive case of nouns. ‘s(名詞所有格)
d. –er and –est to show comparative and superlative degree(比較級及最高級)
e. The past tense marker –ed(過去式)
f. –ing to form present participles or gerunds.(正在進行時或是動名詞)
Derivational affixes(派生詞綴): Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.

3.In what two ways are derivational affixes(派生詞匯) classified?
Prefixes (前綴)--- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word, such as, pre+war, sub+sea
Suffixes (后綴)--- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance, blood+y.
4.How are words classified on the morphemic level?
1)Free and bound morphemes
Free morphemimes: The morphemes have complete meaning and van be used as free grammatical units in sentences, e.g. cat, walk. They are identical with root words. morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.
Bound morphemes: The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words, e.g. recollection (recollection) collect – free morpheme re-and –ion are bound morphemes. (include bound root and affix) Bound morphemes are found in derived words.
2)Roots and affixes
A root is the basic form of a word, which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. (What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes.) .e.g. “internationalists” removing inter-, -al-, -ist, -s, leaves the root nation.
Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements




上传的附件:

 0321.zip( 文件大小: 35.6KB )

 Chapter 7 Sense relations between words.doc( 文件大小: 34.5KB )

 Chapter 9 Changes in word meaning.doc( 文件大小: 44.5KB )

 Chapter 10 English Idioms.doc( 文件大小: 31.5KB )

 Chapter 11 American English.doc( 文件大小: 19.5KB )
 

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