chapter 3
questions and tasks
1) explain the following terms with examples:
   a. morpheme     b. allomorphs    c. free and bound morpheme
   d. bound root    e. inflectional morpheme
2) what are the differents between inflectional and bound affixes?
3) how are words classified on the morpheme level?
4) in what two ways are derivational affixes classified?
5) what are the inflectional affixes in modern english?
6) analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the type of morphemes.
   recollection       nationalists         unearthly           revive
分
析“denaturalization”
关于第三章的笔记！
  denaturalization  n.非自然化, 剥夺国籍, 变性
a)de*natur*al*iz*ation
   i.  de-  is added to a verb in order to change the meaning of the verb to its opposite.
       de-  is added to a noun in order to make it a verb referring to the removal of the thing described by the noun.
      eg.1) defrost:vt.除霜, 使(冰的食物)融化 vi.解冻
               frost:n.霜, 霜冻, 严寒 v.结霜
      1.naturalization n.移入, 移植
   ii.nature
    * nature n.自然, 自然界, 大自然, 自然状态, 本性, 天性, 种类
  iii .–al : adjective suffix
     suffix n.[语] 后缀, 下标 vt.添后缀
    * natural  adj.自然的, 自然界的, 关于自然界的, 天生的, 天赋的, 普通的, 正常的, 简单自然的 本位号
  iv.  –ize  : verb suffix
    1.natural: adj. (1) 天然的, 自然产生的;(2) 物质(世界)的, 非精神的
    2.naturalize v.使入国籍, 移植；促使符合于自然
(if the government of a country naturalizes someone, they allow a person who was not born in that country to become a citizen of it. )
    3.–ation: noun suffix （1）表示“动作”（2）表示“结果”（3）表示“状态”naturalization  n.移
入, 移植
关于Chapter 4 (1)
1)构词法的种类：affixation; compounding; conversion; shortening (clipping, cronymy); blending
2)clipping: 截短法
   a) cell: cellular phone (n.便携式电话)
   b) flu: influenza (流行性感冒)
3)acronymy: 首字母缩略词
   a) WT World Trade Organization
   b) laser: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
4)blending: 拼缀词
   a) smog: ( n. 烟雾)  sm(oke) + (f)og
   b) brunch: br(eakfast) + (l)unch     ( n.早午餐)
   c) motel: motor + hotel   ( n.汽车旅馆)
   d)        telephone + quiz  {这两个拼成什么我忘了？？？？）
  区别non-与un-前缀  
There is occasional uncertainty as to the choice between the prefixes un- and in-.  In general, the native English form un- is the more widely applicable. It is the usual choice with simple stems, as in unfair, unclean, uneven, or  unripe, and with words bearing native English endings:  unceasing, unmindful, unwealthy, unselfish, or  unwholesome. In- is used primarily with established words originally having Latin endings: inaccurate, incapacity, indivisible, insignificant, illegal, impossible, or irregular. Sometimes the addition of a Latinate suffix to a word changes it from the  un- category to the in- category: thus, we have unable, unequal, unjust, undivided, and unstable but inability, inequality, injustice, indivisible, and  instability. A few words with Latinate suffixes do take un-:  unadventurous, unceremonious, unconditional, and  unconventional. A few stems appear with both prefixes with distinctions of meaning.  Inhuman means “brutal, monstrous” while unhuman means “not of human form, superhuman.” When used with adjectives,  un- often has a sense distinct from that of  non-. Non- picks out the set of things that are not in the category denoted by the stem to which it is attached, whereas un- picks out properties unlike those of the prototypical exemplars of the category. Thus nonmilitary personnel are those who are not members of the military, whereas someone who is  unmilitary is unlike a prototypical soldier in dress, habits, or attitudes.
例
如： non-scientific (非科学领域）
        unscientific (not scientific 不科学的）

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